Gas can be affected by pressure, temperature, and volume. Here are some laws describing the different relationships:
Charles' Law - The pressure is kept constant; the temperature and the volume are directly related. When the temperature goes up so does the volume, when temperature goes down the volume goes down.
~An example of Charles' Law that we did in class is when Mrs. Sorensen placed balloons in a tub of liquid nitrogen. As each balloon went into the tub the temperature of the gas went down and the volume went down as the gas condensed. The pressure was kept constant throughout the entire demo. Many balloons were allowed to be placed in the tub due to Charles' Law. When the balloons were taken out the temperature increased and the volume of the gas increased which again demonstrated Charles' Law.~A real-world example of Charles' Law is when someone puts a cheap waterbottle (like a Great Value waterbottle) that is filled part way up in the fridge for a couple of days. The waterbottle will be dented when it is checked. The reason for this is thte pressure in the fridge is kept constant while the temperature of the gas decreases while in the fridge (because it's cold in there) and the volume of the gas will decrease as well.
Boyle's Law - The temperature is kept constant; the pressure and volume are inversely related. If the pressure goes up then the volume goes down. If the pressure goes down then the volume goes up.
~An example of Boyle's Law that we did in class is when we put a marshmallow inside a syringe, plugged the syringe, then pushed down. By pushing down we incerased the pressure on the gas inside the syrenge and decreased the volume. When we did this the marshmallow shrunk. We drew a face on the marshmallow which shrunk as well. The temperature never changed throughout the experiment.
~A real-world example of Boyle's Law is when someone pops a balloon by squeezing it. When the balloon is being squeezed the volume is decreasing yet the pressure is increasing. This results in the balloon popping.
Gay-Lusaac's Law - The volume is kept constant; the temperature and pressure are directly related. When the temperature increases the pressure increases. When the temperature decreases the pressure decreases.
~An example of Gay-Lusaac's Law that we did in class is when we hooked up a bottle to this one machine (I don't really know what the machine was). Inside the bottle was a type of thermometer. What the machine did was increase the pressure inside the bottle. We turned off the machine after the pressure hit 40 psi. After we unhooked the machine from the sealed bottle we would release the pressure slightly every few seconds and read the thermometer every time pressure was released. What my data says is everytime pressure went down, so did the temperature.
~A real-world example of Gay-Lusaac's law is when someone uses a pressure cooker. The volume of the gas stays the same while whatever is inside the pressure cooker cooks. The food can cook because the increase in pressure causes an increase in temperature. The increase in temperature allows the food to cook.
